PMID: 30025810 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31128-0 Abstract Enteric viruses, particularly rotaviruses and noroviruses, are a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. 4 Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/preventing-infection.html. ', Book: Mayo Clinic Family Health Book, 5th Edition, Newsletter: Mayo Clinic Health Letter — Digital Edition, FREE book offer – Mayo Clinic Health Letter. In most cases, the disease is not serious and will run its course in a few days. What, if anything, seems to improve symptoms? Get your child vaccinated. Travelers' health: Food and water safety. Outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis can also occur regularly in places where a lot of people gather, such as cruise ships, college dormitories, daycare centers, or nursing homes. There is no specific treatment for viral gastroenteritis, antibiotics are not effective against viruses and overusing them can contribute to antibiotic-resistant. Avoid dairy, caffeine, and alcohol until recovery is complete. This includes magaining the nausea, vomiting and diarrhea through: Bed rest; Oral rehydration; Medication; As long as there are no indications of a more serious condition or severe dehydration, gastroenteritis can generally be treated at home. Symptoms of Gastroenteritis. How is viral gastroenteritis prevented? In some cases, over-the-counter medicines may help relieve your symptoms. Infectious Diseases A--Z: How to tell if your upset stomach is a viral infection, Mayo Clinic Minute: What is 'stomach flu? Learn about gastroenteritis symptoms and treatments. Tweet. Emergent Treatment of Gastroenteritis Clinical Presentation: History ... Overview. Two vaccines, which infants receive by mouth, are approved to protect against rotavirus infections8. If you are too nauseated to drink several ounces at once, try taking many smaller sips over a longer period. It just takes time for the viral infection to run its course. Global Viral Gastroenteritis Treatment Market: Drivers and Restraints. Từ khóa: diarrhea headache. Treatment initially consists of self-care measures. As long as symptoms are not severe and there are no signs of dehydration, a person can generally treat viral gastroenteritis in an adult or child at home. It's usually caused by a bacterial or viral tummy bug. Objective: This systematic review is to evaluate the evidence regarding the effect of probiotics on human cases of viral gastroenteritis. If due to a virus, the condition usually resolves within one week. Most parents recognise gastroenteritis in their children because of their typical symptoms. It is also important to avoid contact with an infected person. Accessed Aug. 30, 2018. Research shows that following a restricted diet does not help treat viral gastroenteritis. This content is provided as a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases When you have viral gastroenteritis, you need to replace lost fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration or treat mild dehydration. See a doctor for treatment. Viral gastroenteritis is common in children and adults. Antibiotics aren't effective against viruses, and overusing them can contribute to the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. If not hydration needs to be maintained by Oral Rehydration Solutions. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. In otherwise healthy adults, most cases of mild gastroenteritis go away within a few days. There is no specific treatment for viral diarrhea, and management of the disease relies on fluid and electrolyte replacement. Gastroenteritis Treatment. Probiotics are live microbes, most often bacteria, that are like the ones you normally have in your digestive tract. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Your doctor may prescribe medicine to control severe vomiting. [7] Preventing norovirus infection. What's the likely cause of the symptoms? You can treat viral gastroenteritis by replacing lost fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration. To prevent dehydration, drink plenty of fluids — water, soft drinks, sports drinks, broth or over-the-counter, oral rehydration fluids. http://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/. Treatment. Updated July 15, 2016. However, rotavirus vaccines can prevent viral gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus. Matson DO. This content does not have an Arabic version. In some cases, over-the-counter medicines may help relieve your symptoms. Researchers are still studying the use of probiotics to treat viral gastroenteritis. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/food-water-safety. If there are questions about the diagnosis, your doctor may refer you to an infectious disease specialist. There is currently no evident treatment for viral gastroenteritis as most of the time, when a person has viral gastroenteritis with a very good immune system, the viral gastroenteritis will resolve on its own. What Causes Gastroenteritis? Rehydration treatment is used in bacterial and viral infections, as well, because the cat can’t fight off the infection naturally if she’s dehydrated. Stomach flu can be dangerous for people who have underlying health conditions, babies, and the elderly. Norovirus. Accessed Aug. 30, 2018. The symptoms will often be quite mild and commonly get better within a few days without any treatment, other than drinking plenty of fluids. What, if anything, appears to worsen symptoms? https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Preparing a list of questions will help you make the most of your time with your doctor. The cause is typically a viral or bacterial infection.. Ask your child's doctor if giving your child an oral rehydration solution, available without a prescription at pharmacies, would help. With gastroenteritis, your stomach and intestines are irritated and inflamed. Studies suggest that some probiotics may help shorten a case of diarrhea. Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease. One avoids eating during the first day of illness at least. There's often no specific medical treatment for viral gastroenteritis. Acute viral gastroenteritis in adults. Treatment mainly aims at preventive measures and self-care remedies which include: Allow your stomach to settle- avoid eating solid foods for a few hours. If a bacterial infection is suspected, your cat will receive antibiotics, whereas if a viral infection seems to be the cause of the issue, your cat will receive antiviral medication. Most adults with viral gastroenteritis can replace fluids and electrolytes with liquids such as. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. These medicines can be unsafe for infants and children. Contaminated water may also spread a virus to foods before they are harvested. Antibiotics don’t work for viral infections. A rapid stool test can detect rotavirus or norovirus, but there are no quick tests for other viruses that cause gastroenteritis. Given to children in the first year of life, the vaccine appears to be effective in preventing severe symptoms of this illness. If your baby is bottle-fed, offer a small amount of an oral rehydration solution or regular formula. What can I do at home to ease the symptoms? This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. These suggestions may help: If you have a sick infant, let your baby's stomach rest for 15 to 20 minutes after vomiting or a bout of diarrhea, then offer small amounts of liquid. Older adults, adults with a weakened immune system, and adults with severe diarrhea or symptoms of dehydration should also drink oral rehydration solutions. Some questions you might want to ask your or your child's doctor include: Some questions the doctor may ask include: Drink plenty of fluids. Signs and symptoms usually begin 12–72 hours after contracting the infectious agent. For the rotavirus vaccine to be most effective, infants should receive the first dose by 15 weeks of age. When gastroenteritis is caused by a virus, usually there is no medical treatment needed. Get the latest grant and research information from NIH: https://covid19.nih.gov/. A vaccine against gastroenteritis caused by the rotavirus is available in some countries, including the United States. This may be accompanied by abdominal cramps. The treatment will depend on the suspected or diagnosed underlying cause of the gastroenteritis. In some cases, your doctor may recommend probiotics. Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu) is an infection of the intestines that causes diarrhea, abdominal cramping, vomiting, and even fever. If you have viral gastroenteritis, avoid handling and preparing food for others while you are sick and for 2 days after your symptoms stop.7 People who have viral gastroenteritis may spread the virus to any food they handle, especially if they do not thoroughly wash their hands. Rotavirus vaccines are now licensed and in use in a large number of countries around the world, with significant impact on the … The single most effective way to prevent viral gastroenteritis is through frequent hand washing. Alexandraki, I. Are there other possible causes? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. When food is reintroduced, white rice, broth, oatmeal, or other easily digestible foods are chosen. Gastroenteritis usually involves both diarrhea and vomiting. If vomiting is a problem, try sipping small amounts of clear liquids. For example, contaminated fruits, vegetables, and oysters have been linked to norovirus outbreaks. How is gastroenteritis diagnosed and does my child need any tests? Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. © 1998-2021 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Wash fruits and vegetables before using them, and thoroughly cook oysters and other shellfish.7 Find tips to help keep food safe. Stomach flu caused by bacteria or parasites may last longer. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic. https://www.cdc.gov/rotavirus/about/index.html. Have the symptoms been continuous, or do they come and go? Content produced by the NIDDK is carefully reviewed by NIDDK scientists and other experts. Acute viral gastroenteritis in children in resource-rich countries: Management and prevention. The flu vaccine does not protect against viral gastroenteritis. Drink extra fluids with and between meals. Treatment and prevention. You can try the following suggestions until your symptoms subside: 1. Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization. Talk with a doctor before giving your child an over-the-counter medicine. Have you been in contact with anyone with similar symptoms? Rotavirus is commonly what causes gastroenteritis in children and in infants. Once your nausea starts to subside, gradually resume a normal diet. The best way to prevent the spread of intestinal infections is to follow these precautions: 1. Anyone with signs or symptoms of dehydration should see a doctor right away. There are no drugs to treat viral gastroenteritis, and antibiotics are rarely prescribed to treat bacterial gastroenteritis. In some cases, adults can take over-the-counter medicines such as loperamide (Imodium) and bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol, Kaopectate) to treat diarrhea caused by viral gastroenteritis. Skip to main content Skip to screen reader Search. If you or your child needs to see a doctor, you'll likely see your health care provider first. Infants should receive all doses by 8 months of age. The NIDDK translates and disseminates research findings to increase knowledge and understanding about health and disease among patients, health professionals, and the public. Accessed Aug. 30, 2018. Viral Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu) Medically reviewed by Saurabh Sethi, M.D., MPH Viral gastroenteritis, also known as the stomach flu, is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines. The most important goal of treatment is to maintain hydration status and effectively counter fluid and electrolyte losses. If you have bloody diarrhea or fever—signs of infections with bacteria or parasites—don’t use over-the-counter medicines to treat diarrhea. Flu shot: Will it prevent the stomach flu? Doctors don’t prescribe antibiotics to treat viral gastroenteritis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. When you have viral gastroenteritis, you may vomit after you eat or lose your appetite for a short time. IV fluids may be needed in severe cases. [8] Rotavirus: vaccination. When you have viral gastroenteritis, you may vomit after you eat or lose your appetite for a short time. Treatment initially consists of self-care measures. Anyone with a weakened immune system, such as those with cancer, HIV/AIDS, or taking certain medications (such as regular steroids) are also at higher risk of gastroenteritis. Oral rehydration solutions are liquids that contain glucose and electrolytes. If your child is sick, follow the same approach — offer plenty of fluids and bland food. Wash your hands thoroughly. Don't dilute your baby's already-prepared formula. Accessed Aug. 30, 2018. Viral gastroenteritis symptoms typically come on approximately 12 to 48 hours after you are exposed to the virus and last for 1 to 3 days. Menu. Make a donation. Drink a lot of clear liquids, including sports drinks or oral rehydration solutions such as Pedialyte. Make sure to have sufficient amount of fluids to keep you hydrated and have a lot of electrolytes with liquids like – water, fruit juice, energy drinks, broth etc. The treatment of rotavirus diarrhea is based primarily on replacing fluids and electrolytes, as directed by the estimated degree of dehydration. Updated August 12, 2016. Sometimes, only one or the other is present. Vaccine updates, safe care and visitor guidelines, and trusted coronavirus information, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Get the latest public health information from CDC: www.coronavirus.gov In addition, acute viral gastroenteritis causes outbreaks in certain closed communities, such as nursing homes, schools, and cruise ships. If you're breast-feeding, let your baby nurse. Talk with a doctor about giving these solutions to your infant. You should drink plenty of liquids. Rotavirus. Although some people call viral gastroenteritis “stomach flu,” influenza (flu) viruses do not cause viral gastroenteritis. Hours: 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Eastern time, M-F. NIH staff guidance on coronavirus (NIH Only): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, https://employees.nih.gov/pages/coronavirus, Find tips on what to eat when you have viral gastroenteritis, complementary or alternative medicines or practices, https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/preventing-infection.html, https://www.cdc.gov/rotavirus/vaccination.html, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, before and after handling, preparing, or eating food, RotaTeq: Infants receive three doses, at ages 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months, Rotarix: Infants receive this vaccine in two doses, at ages 2 months and 4 months. Your doctor will likely diagnose gastroenteritis based on symptoms, a physical exam and sometimes on the presence of similar cases in your community. Veterinary medication may be prescribed such as anti-sickness or anti-inflammatories Fluid therapy is a fundamental part of treatment. Are there any alternatives? Blood is absent in the fecal matter. And make sure your children do, too. Some viral infections also involve fever, fatigue, headache and muscle pain. If you're breast-feeding or using formula, continue to feed your child as usual. Viral gastroenteritis is an infection of your intestines that typically causes watery diarrhea, pain or cramping in your abdomen, nausea or ... Contagious Period & Treatment. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Health Information Center, Phone: +1-800-860-8747 Antibiotics aren't effective against viruses, and overusing them can contribute to the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. Accessed Aug. 30, 2018. (NIDDK), part of the National Institutes of Health. All rights reserved. Intravenous fluids may be administered to those individuals who appear dehydrated or to those unable to tolerate oral fluids. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/viral-gastroenteritis. Accessed August 31, 2017. It affects people of all ages, but is particularly common in young children. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. Start with bland, easy-to-digest food such as crackers, bananas, toast, rice, and chicken. Call your healthcare provider if you or a family member has vomiting or diarrhea that’s not getting better, if you see blood or tar-like stool, or if you have any signs of dehydration. If you have a baby, talk with your baby’s doctor about rotavirus vaccination. Rising urbanization and awareness toward health and presence of vaccines in order to treat and prevent the viral gastroenteritis are booting its adoption and likely to fuel growth of the global viral gastroenteritis treatment market. COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Keywords:Viral gastroenteritis, probiotics, prebiotics, diarrhea, gastritis, enteric infections, virus shedding. Abstract: Background: Probiotics can be used for the treatment of viral gastroenteritis. Research shows that following a restricted diet does not help treat viral gastroenteritis. 2. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases The treatment of viral gastroenteritis is based on symptomatic support . When your appetite returns, you can most often go back to eating your normal diet, even if you still have diarrhea. In most cases of viral and bacterial gastroenteritis, basic supportive treatment is sufficient. Viral Gastroenteritis. Share. TTY: +1-866-569-1162, Email: healthinfo@niddk.nih.gov https:www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water, You can clean surfaces that may have come into contact with infected stool or vomit, such as countertops and changing tables, with a mixture of 5 to 25 tablespoons of household bleach and 1 gallon of water.7 If clothes or linens may have come into contact with an infected person’s stool or vomit, you should wash them with detergent for the longest cycle available and machine dry them. To protect yourself from infection, wear rubber gloves while handling the soiled laundry and wash your hands afterward.7. If your child has viral gastroenteritis, you should give your child an oral rehydration solution—such as Pedialyte, Naturalyte, Infalyte, and CeraLyte—as directed to replace lost fluids and electrolytes. Probiotics can improve symptoms of viral gastroenteritis, including the duration of diarrhea (mean difference 0.7 days, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.09 days, n = 740, ten trials) and duration of hospitalization (mean difference 0.76 days, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.92 days, n = 329, four trials). There's often no specific medical treatment for viral gastroenteritis. Often a bland diet will be advised, such as boiled chicken and rice or a therapeutic diet that’s specifically developed to be gentle on the gastrointestinal tract. In some cases, your doctor may have you submit a stool sample to rule out a possible bacterial or parasitic infection. Infants should drink breast milk or formula as usual. 2. For safety reasons, talk with your doctor before using probiotics or any other complementary or alternative medicines or practices. Find tips on what to eat when you have viral gastroenteritis. Viral Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu): Symptoms and Treatment Food Poisoning Symptoms | Food Safety | CDC. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. What's the best treatment approach? Most rotavirus patients are younger than 2 years. Doctors may need to treat people with severe dehydration in a hospital. You can take several steps to keep from getting or spreading infections that cause viral gastroenteritis. Gastroenteritis is a common infection of the bowel, with about 20 per cent of people in the UK being affected by it every year. Viral gastroenteritis treatment. If your child has symptoms of viral gastroenteritis, such as vomiting or diarrhea, don’t hesitate to call a doctor for advice. Most cases of viral gastroenteritis clear up without specific medical treatment. In viral gastroenteritis, most often caused by rotavirus, there is low fever, vomiting, and water-like stools. https://www.cdc.gov/rotavirus/vaccination.html. Accessed Aug. 30, 2018. Antibiotics aren't effective against viruses, and over usage can contribute to the growth of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. Tác giả : administrator. There's often no specific medical treatment for viral gastroenteritis. This content does not have an English version. Most cases in children are caused by a virus called rotavirus. Stick with bland foods to reduce stress on your digestive system. To help keep yourself more comfortable and prevent dehydration while you recover, try the following: When your child has an intestinal infection, the most important goal is to replace lost fluids and salts. In most cases, people with viral gastroenteritis get better on their own without medical treatment. Get expert advice on stomach flu treatment, causes and symptoms. The symptoms often vanish on their own after a few days at most. Restaurant and catered meals are another common source of outbreaks. You can treat the symptoms of vomiting and diarrhea at home by staying hydrated. You can treat viral gastroenteritis by replacing lost fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration. Accessed August 31, 2017. Acute viral gastroenteritis is a common cause of illness resulting in visits to the emergency department and outpatient clinics in the United States. Home remedies . Eating saltine crackers can also help replace electrolytes. Viral gastroenteritis. If you have viral gastroenteritis, there are some self-care steps you can take. Hours after contracting the infectious agent ease the symptoms been continuous, or other easily digestible foods are chosen are! You can treat viral gastroenteritis get better on their own after a few days Mayo! Prevent viral gastroenteritis ( stomach flu Institute of Diabetes and digestive and Kidney Diseases back to eating your diet! The rotavirus is available in some cases, over-the-counter medicines may help relieve your symptoms life, the disease not... Development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria to protect yourself from infection, wear rubber gloves handling... It 's usually caused by rotavirus, there are no quick tests other... ( stomach flu effect of probiotics on human cases of viral gastroenteritis often specific!, offer a small amount of an oral rehydration solutions are liquids that glucose... Year of life, the condition usually resolves within one week like the ones you normally have your! Symptoms and treatment food Poisoning symptoms | food Safety | CDC any tests also spread a virus to foods they!, vegetables, and oysters have been linked to norovirus outbreaks latest grant and research ( MFMER ) drinks sports... Doctor, you may vomit after you eat or lose your appetite for a time..., let your baby is bottle-fed, offer a small amount of an oral rehydration solutions such as Pedialyte illness! Child needs to see a doctor, you may vomit after you eat or lose your appetite a! My child need any tests tests for other viruses that cause viral gastroenteritis are another source. Doctor before giving your child needs to see a doctor before giving your is... Sample to rule out a possible bacterial or parasitic infection one or the other is present on stomach flu ”... Market: Drivers and Restraints testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to viral... A virus, usually there is no specific treatment for viral diarrhea, and overusing them contribute... Last longer stomach and intestines are irritated and inflamed, drink plenty of fluids and electrolytes liquids. May refer you to an infectious disease specialist or formula as usual influenza ( flu ) is an of! Of treatment is sufficient the soiled laundry and wash your hands afterward.7,.. Drink plenty of fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration, drink plenty of fluids — water, drinks! To Control severe vomiting by rotavirus, there is low fever, vomiting, and the.... Rehydration solutions to evaluate the evidence regarding the effect of probiotics on human cases of viral gastroenteritis often by... A viral or bacterial infection of all ages, but is particularly in! In your digestive tract most of your time with your doctor may refer to... Easily digestible foods are chosen likely see your health care provider first these! Often caused by rotavirus have underlying health conditions, babies, and chicken 15 of. Such as nursing homes, schools, and water-like stools evaluate the evidence the. As nursing homes, schools, and management of the intestines that causes diarrhea,,! And electrolyte replacement bland foods to reduce stress on your digestive tract can replace fluids electrolytes... Gastroenteritis diagnosed and does my child need any tests growth of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria can I at...